Useful electrolytes may be dependent on the chemistry of the energy storage device. For example, in energy storage devices based on oxygen (i.e., where a working ion is an oxygen ion), the electrolyte may be ionically conductive for oxygen ions (e.g., O?, O+, O2?). Similarly, in energy storage devices based on sulfur (i.e., where a working ion is a sulfur ion), the electrolyte may be ionically conductive for sulfur ions (e.g., S?S?2, S+, etc.). As another example, in energy storage devices based on a halogen (i.e., where a working ion is a chloride ion, fluoride ion, or iodide ion), the electrolyte may be ionically conductive for halogen ions (i.e., F?, Cl?, I?). As another example, in energy storage devices based on nitrogen (i.e., where a working ion is a nitrogen ion), the electrolyte may be ionically conductive for nitrogen ions (e.g., N?, N+, N2?, etc.). As another example, in energy storage devices based on a non-lithium alkali metal (i.e., where a working ion is a non-lithium alkali metal ion), the electrolyte may be ionically conductive for alkali metal ions (e.g., Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+). As another example, in energy storage devices based on hydrogen (i.e., where a working ion is a hydrogen ion), the electrolyte may be ionically conductive for protons or hydride ions.