Devices for storing energy at a high density are described. Methods of making energy storage devices are also described. In embodiments, the energy storage devices correspond to an all solid-state construction, and do not include any gels, liquids, or other materials that are incompatible with microfabrication techniques, such as may be used in the fabrication of integrated circuits and photovoltaic devices. Energy storage devices described herein include batteries and other Faradaic solid-state energy storage devices, such as devices that store (or are capable of storing upon charging) electrical energy by way of reversible electrochemical redox reactions taking place at electrodes of the devices.
In a first aspect, an energy storage device embodiment comprises a first electrode, a solid electrolyte positioned in direct contact with the first electrode, and a second electrode positioned in direct contact with the solid electrolyte. It will be appreciated that the first and second electrodes may be positioned such that the solid electrolyte is between the first and second electrodes. The electrodes may include active materials that directly take part in electrochemical or Faradaic redox reactions, such as metals and metal oxides.