In the charged configuration, the amounts of oxygen in the first electrode 310 and the second electrode 330 may be different from that in the uncharged configuration. As illustrated, after charging the first electrode 310 may have fewer oxygen atoms included in the structure, as compared to the structure of the first electrode 310 in the uncharged state. Similarly, as illustrated, after charging the second electrode 330 may have more oxygen atoms included in the structure, as compared to the structure of the first electrode 330 in the uncharged state. Thus, the first electrode 310 is illustrated as having a formula of M1OA+Δ, while the second electrode is illustrated as having a formula M2OA-Δ. In some cases, in the charged configuration the amounts of oxygen in the first electrode 310 and the second electrode 330 are different.
During discharging, the opposite migration of oxygen occurs. Some of the oxygen atoms in the second electrode 330 may become unbound, such as due to the addition of electrons, and the unbound oxygen atoms may become oxygen anions. These oxygen anions may move from third electrode 330 into the solid electrolyte 320. Oxygen ions added to the solid electrolyte 320 may migrate through the solid electrolyte 320 and pass to the first electrode 310. The oxygen ions that are added to the first electrode 310 may be reincorporated into the structure of the first electrode 310.