Electrochemical energy storage devices
摘要
說明書
In a solid electrolyte, such as a thin ceria stabilized zirconia layer situated between two metal or metal oxide electrodes, oxygen ions may shuttle between the electrodes bearing opposing charges. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, the inventors believe that the positive ions move by traversing through the interstices of a fairly rigid crystalline lattice of extremely limited depth (thin-film), but rich in oxygen vacancies, and it is the oxygen vacancies that permit the free movement of positive ions. A trade-off exists between high ionic conductivity and multiple-layer requirements. The movement of ions through the solid-state electrolyte may also be further tuned by the imposition of external stresses, such as those caused by a bi- or multi-layer electrolyte, that deform the lattice and widen the passageways for ionic movement. In either stressed or unstressed cases, the ions participating in energy storage act as replacements for atoms distributed within the electrolyte, and these ions hop from site to site.
I. Temperature Range and Integrated Circuit Integration
