Electrochemical energy storage devices
摘要
說明書
The addition of dopants alone may not provide a high degree of ionic conductivity under ordinary circumstances, and some solid electrolyte materials will not conduct ions at all at macro scale thicknesses and at ambient temperatures, for example. In some embodiments, violent flexures and dislocations of the lattice structure are required to support interstitial movements of ions.
Such flexures may take the form of phonons, that is, thermally induced periodic oscillations at audio frequencies or more enduring surface strains imposed by the fabrication process or by the presence of micro-actuators such as piezoelectric elements that exert shear forces. Either mechanism may provide spaces through which positive ions may be transported.
It will be appreciated that zirconia and other ceramics may be suitable as solid electrolytes. In some embodiments, useful ceramics include doped ceramics. For example, calcium, magnesium, dysprosium, yttrium, aluminum, cerium, ceria, ytterbium, and stabilized zirconias may also be useful solid electrolytes.
K. Fabrication
