The second calcining may be operated at a constant temperature or a variable temperature. For example, the second calcining may be operated at a calcining temperature T selected from 670+(1?x)*500 to 780+(1?x)*50 0° C., at a flow rate of oxygen Q, for a time t (in hour) of ?13.17 ln(Q)+14.54 to ?13.17 ln(Q)+16.54. Alternatively, the second calcining may comprise heating and cooling between two or more temperatures selected from 670+(1?x)*500 to 780+(1?x)*500° C. (for example, heating and cooling at a constant rate, preferably at a rate of 1-10° C./min, such as 1° C./min, 2° C./min, 4° C./min, 5° C./min, 7° C./min or 10° C./min), for a total time t (in hour) of ?13.17 ln(Q)+14.54 to ?13.17 ln(Q)+16.54. In a variant, there may be a step of maintaining at the temperature between the heating and cooling.
There is no special limitation in the present disclosure on the rate for heating to the required temperature for the first and second calcining. Preferably, the rate may be 1-10° C./min, for example 1° C./min, 2° C./min, 4° C./min, 5° C./min, 7° C./min or 10° C./min.
After the second calcining, cooling may be operated, for example, cooling naturally to room temperature. The second calcined product is the doped nickel cobalt manganese active material mentioned above.