The positive electrode material in accordance with the present disclosure may be used in secondary batteries, such as lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries may comprise a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and an electrolyte.

The positive electrode includes a positive electrode material layer on the positive current collector, wherein the positive electrode material layer comprises the positive electrode material in accordance with the present disclosure. The positive electrode material layer may further comprise a binder and a conductive agent. The binder may be resin materials selected from a group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and the like. The conductive agent may include carbon-based materials or conductive polymers. The carbon-based materials may comprise, for example, graphite, acetylene black, carbon fibers, nanotubes, graphene and carbon black. The conductive polymers may include polyaniline, polythiophene, polyacetylene, polypyrrole and the like. The current collector may include at least one of stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, iron, titanium, copper, tin, or any other conductive materials known to those persons skilled in the art. In some variants, the current collector may be precoated, such as carbon coated aluminum foil.

There is no specific limitation on the composition of the negative electrode in the present disclosure. It may be a negative electrode commonly used in the art, such as a lithium metal sheet.