A coin cell was assembled in a glovebox under an Ar protection atmosphere, in which the water content and oxygen content were both controlled to less than 5 ppm. The electrode plate obtained above was used as the positive electrode. A Li metal sheet with a diameter of 17 mm and a thickness of 1 mm was used as the negative electrode. A porous film of polyethylene with a thickness of 25 μm was used as the separator. A solution of 1.0 mol/L LiPF₆ dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) in a volume ratio of 1:1 was used as the electrolyte. A battery shell for a 2025 coin cell was used as the battery shell. After the assembling, an inactivated half-cell was obtained.

3.2 Performance evaluation of the battery samples:

(1) Initial Cycling Efficiency

The assembled lithium-ion battery samples were tested at room temperature (25° C.) at a current density of 0.1 C (1 C=200 mA/g), to obtain the values of the specific charging capacity and the specific discharging capacity at the first cycling. The initial cycling efficiency was calculated as a ratio of the specific discharging capacity at the first cycling to the specific charging capacity at the first cycling.

(2) Cycle performance.

Activation of Batteries:

The coin battery sample obtained after the assembly was set for 2 hours. After the open circuit voltage was stabilized, it was charged at a constant current density of 0.1 C to a cut-off voltage of 4.3 V, charged at a constant voltage for 30 minutes, and then discharged at a constant current of 0.1 C to a cut-off voltage of 3.0 V. Subsequently, the battery was charged and discharged once more in the same way, to be activated.