For example, the authentication response at least includes: calculating an authentication response (RES) according to the authentication request and an authentication key (Ki) in the SIM card information.

If the SIM card of the second device is a registered SIM card, the Ki of the SIM is written to the SIM card of the second device by the network side. Exemplarily, the RES calculated in the authentication response is consistent with the RES calculated by the network side.

In some examples, the EF information of the EF file may include at least one of: IMSI and/or ICCID and/or Ki of the second device.

In the examples of the present disclosure, the first device returns the RES to the base station after obtaining the RES. The base station can determine whether the authentication is passed based on the received RES. If the authentication is passed, it means that the base station allows the first device to access the network based on the SIM card information of the second device. At this time, the first device can establish cellular mobile communication with the base station based on the SIM card information of the second device. If the first device establishes a cellular mobile communication connection with the base station by sharing the SIM card information of the second device, wireless communication can be performed based on the cellular mobile communication connection.

The aforementioned interactive channel may be any channel that can allow the first device and the second device to exchange information, which is established in a preset connection manner. For example, the preset connection manner may be any connection establishment manner other than that used for establishing a cellular mobile communication connection.