With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the user terminal is further configured to send the first freshness parameter to the data management network element, where the first freshness parameter, the first message authentication code, and the first location privacy setting data may be carried in a same message. The user terminal notifies the data management network element of the first freshness parameter, so that the data management network element notifies the authentication service network element of the first freshness parameter, and the authentication service network element calculates the second message authentication code of the first location privacy setting data based on the first freshness parameter.
With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the data transmission system further includes an access management network element and a gateway mobile location network element.
The gateway mobile location network element is configured to send a location service request to the access management network element.
The access management network element is configured to receive the location service request from the gateway mobile location network element, and send a location privacy setting data obtaining request to the data management network element, receive a location privacy setting data obtaining response from the data management network element, where the location privacy setting data obtaining response includes the first location privacy setting data, and perform a location service operation based on the first location privacy setting data.