Conventional microwave plasma torches still need to be developed due to some problems using them broadly in pyrolysis, such as complex torch designs, high capital cost, limited gas compatibility and limited heat flux. Regarding the limitation of design complexity, existing microwave plasma torches require a complex design, including waveguides, tuners, ignition systems, circulators, which can be challenging to manufacture and maintain. Regarding the limitation of design high capital cost, the equipment required for generating and controlling microwave plasma via a microwave plasma torch is expensive, which can be a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of these torches. Regarding the limitation of limited gas compatibility, traditional microwave plasma torches are limited in terms of gas compatibility since only a few gases can be ionized using microwaves. Lastly, regarding the limitation of limited heat flux, traditional microwave plasma torches generate low heat flux due to the difficulty of sustaining the plasma efficiently at high gas flow rates, which can limit their use in plasma pyrolysis. Furthermore, conventional systems with DC circuits have to spend extra power to run the circuit, making the system less efficient. Unlike conventional microwave plasma systems, the microwave plasma troch as disclosed herein has a high-power efficiency, is simple to ignite and control, is low cost, generates high heat flux, and can work with different gases.