The term “C1-C60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and including, as a ring-forming atom, at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, Si, B, Se, Ge, Te, S, or any combination thereof. The term “C1-C60 heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and including, as a ring-forming atom, at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, Si, B, Se, Ge, Te, S, or any combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of the C1-C60 heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C1-C60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.
The term “C2-C60 alkylheteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 heteroaryl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 alkyl group.
The term “C6-C60 aryloxy group” used herein indicates —OA102 (wherein A102 is a C6-C60 aryl group as described above), the term “C6-C60 arylthio group” used herein indicates —SA103 (wherein A103 is a C6-C60 aryl group as described above), and the term “C1-C60 alkylthio group” used herein indicates —SA104 (wherein A104 indicates a C1-C60 alkyl group as described above).