FIG. 1D shows calculated detection efficiency with various configurations, labeled as Systems 1, 2, and 3, and in reference to FIG. 1C. The y-axis is collection efficiency in percentage, and the x-axis is glass thickness in microns. In System 1, there is no mirror, and the Ramsey beam distance to glass is 250 μm. In System 2, the mirror is present, and the Ramsey beam distance to glass is 250 μm. In System 3, the mirror is present, and the Ramsey beam distance to glass is 50 μm. The collection efficiency increases from System 1 to System 2, and from System 2 to System 3. Also, higher glass thickness decreases the collection efficiency in all cases. As one example, in System 3 with a Ramsey beam distance to glass is 50 μm and a glass thickness of 150 mm, the simulated collection efficiency is about 37%.
FIG. 1E shows a top-down schematic diagram of an exemplary Rb collimator that provides differential pumping and creation of a beam of rubidium atoms. The length scale depicted in FIG. 1E (0.1 mm) is exemplary only.
